Care Needs of Intellectual Disabilities and Chronic Diseases: Qualitative Review

Introduction
People with intellectual disabilities have a higher prevalence and early onset of chronic diseases. The presence of chronic diseases has resulted in complex needs for this population. However, there is a lack of evidence about their care needs, which leads to their care needs being under-recognised and poorly met.
Aims and objectives
To synthesise the evidence on the care needs of people with intellectual disabilities diagnosed with chronic diseases from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities, family members, and professionals.
Methods
A qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) approach was adopted by searching four databases: CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE, and an additional search was conducted by searching the reference list and grey literature. Finally, 11 studies were included in the review after the screening process. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Data were synthesised using Thomas and Harden’s thematic synthesis approach.
Outcomes
Three main themes were identified: ‘Synergistic Care’, ‘Coping with the Disease’, and ‘Implication of disease’. The quality of care is influenced by professionals’ knowledge and experience in recognising symptoms and delivering appropriate treatment. The care provided is influenced by the ability of the professionals to work together effectively. Disease awareness and self-management are key strategies for people with intellectual disabilities to cope with chronic diseases, which cause considerable emotional distress and impose limitations on their daily routine.
Conclusion
Introducing access points managed by staff members and establishing a joint clinic would be beneficial. A multi-disciplinary approach, additional staff training to recognise symptoms and manage illness, and establishing a peer group support system are crucial in providing holistic person-
centred care. Providing reasonable accommodation during hospital appointments and accessible self-management education would benefit people with intellectual disabilities and chronic diseases.